The British brought with them scientists to explore the new lands they have discovered. These people conducted deep research into the history and science of the place, often knowing more than the locals.
The conquest of the European empires had it all, the good and the bad. If you want to paint the conquest in a bad light, there are plenty of examples and angles you can argue about how they oppress the locals. But you can also paint it in a good light, creating infrastructure for the people, providing medicine and education and raising the standard of living.
There is a small excerpt about the Aryan race. It is an imaginary race created in the minds of people who think that the Europeans are superior. It started when some guy realised that the Indo-European language were very similar and thus probably came from one parent language. This language is probably native to a group of people who conquered India from Europe. They also postulated that the reason why India were not doing as well as Europe, was because those who came over from Europe started families with the locals, and thus their genetic superiority is diluted and gone.
This chapters mentioned the 15. The Marriage of Science and Empire in the conquest of the Europeans empires. However, it is not the only reason. The other reason which we will look at next, is capitalism. We need the businessmen seeking to make money.